Conceptual+Framework

 ** Conceptual Framework **

 Conceptual framework is defined as a group of ideas that are very broad and also principles that was taken from fields of inquiry that are relevant. It is use to structure a subsequent presentation ( //Reichel and Ramey, 1987//). The significant of conceptual framework is that it can facilitate a researcher to make meaning of following findings. It is also a tool that is very practical to gallows research.  Conceptual framework which was also known as a theoretical framework is a transitional theory that are associated to all aspect of inquiry such as the research analysis, research questions , methodology of research and the feature of literature review. In a simpler word, a conceptual framework is some kind of apparatus that being used by researcher to direct their data collection and analysis , structure the research and like a map that might comprise research question.  The rationale of conceptual framework is that it will help the researcher to know the connection between the literature that are existed and their own research goals. The example of this situation is that if a researcher is researching about the effectiveness of the lecturer when delivering a lecture, they might look at the theory of whether effectiveness of the lecturing from lecturer has something to do with the method of teaching and how. Conceptual framework will also help a researcher to identify his problem better and will help really much in finding the best solution for his research study  Sometime, conceptual framework will influence excessively to our thought and subsequent action. So, in this research , we use only one set of conceptual framework because our focus is only to biomedical’s first year lecturer in FSKB , UKM.  In our study, we focus on the lecture effectiveness in lecturing in biomedical first year lecturer in FSKB, UKM. The independent variable is the method of teaching of the lecturer and the dependant variable is the effectiveness of the teaching to the student. The effectiveness was measured by the CGPA that was being received by the student.  In short, the conceptual framework of this study is being focuses into the aspects that determined the effectiveness of the lecturer and the effect of it to mainly student. In our study, the lecturers are the first year biomedical lecturers and the student is the first to third year biomedical students. All the lecturers and the student are from the Biomedical Department of FSKB, UKM.

The first aspect we are focusing at, is the method of teaching of the lecturers. We focuses on the usage of E-SPIN, power point presentation usage , the usage of Problem Base Learning ( PBL ) system in teaching , and the action of giving the note earlier to the student by the lecturer. The giving of tutorial from the lecturer to student will also be assessed.  <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The second aspect we are focusing is the preparation before teaching for the lecturer. In this aspect, we are studying whether the lecturer read and implemented the “// Buku Panduan Mengajar //“ before teaching. Instead of that, whether the lecturer is conducting a research in the course that he or she is lecturing and whether the new and updated information were given to the student so that they can stay abreast with the latest technology. Lastly, is whether the lecturer is doing any lecture outline before teaching to ease their lecturing agenda. The usage of flowchart will also be assessed. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">The third aspect that we are focusing is the ineffectiveness of the teaching by the lecturers. We are focusing on whether the cause of ineffectiveness is due to the work overload, unsuitable ways of teaching , lecturer that are not confident during the teaching process and whether the lecturer have a personal problem that lead to their ineffectiveness in teaching. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">For the output aspects, we are focusing on whether there are impacts from the lecture ways of teaching to the student, lecturer , biomedical department and UKM. The focus is more toward the student itself. The effect of effectiveness of teaching will be translated in the increase of understanding of the student and finally the increase in CGPA. It is all due to the confident that the student get by the method of teaching from the lecturers. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">For the lecturers, their effectiveness of teaching will directly increase their KPI ( Key Performance Index ) because they are more confident in teaching and their teaching will be more enjoyable. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">For the Biomedical Department of FSKB, the effect of effectiveness of teaching by the lecturer will directly increase the department profile and in the long run will increase the UKM biomedical course ranking in the world. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lastly, for UKM , as a research university, the effectiveness of teaching by the lecturers will surely also increase the profile and the ranking of the university in the world. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Figure 1 : Conceptual Framework for the research of ** “ ** ** Lecture Effectiveness by Lecturers from Biomedical Science Department, FSKB , UKM “ ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> ** <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Refference **

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Reichel, M., & Ramey, M. A. (Eds.). (1987). //<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Conceptual frameworks for bibliographic education: Theory to Practice. // <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Littleton Colorado: Libraries Unlimited Inc.

<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Smyth, R. ( 2004 ). // Exploring the usefulness of a conceptual framework as a research tool: A researcher's reflections. // <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Issues In Educational Research <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 14(2), 167-180. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">